selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: ‘chromedriver‘ executable needs to be in PAT |
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selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: ‘chromedriver‘ executable needs to be in PAT
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最近需要使用一下selenium,刚运行就报错了。。。 前提准备： 1.安装selenium 2.下载chrome对应版本的chromedriver 代码就是一个简单的demo: from selenium import webdriver import time browser = webdriver.Chrome() browser.get('http://www.baidu.com/') time.sleep(10)运行报错： 2.首先看报错被挂起的地方： File “E:\APP_Install\python_install\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py”, line 83, in start os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message) 对应代码： def start(self): """ Starts the Service. :Exceptions: - WebDriverException : Raised either when it can't start the service or when it can't connect to the service """ try: cmd = [self.path] cmd.extend(self.command_line_args()) self.process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=self.env, close_fds=system() != 'Windows', stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file, stdin=PIPE, creationflags=self.creationflags) except TypeError: raise except OSError as err: if err.errno == errno.ENOENT: raise WebDriverException( "'%s' executable needs to be in PATH. %s" % ( os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message) ) elif err.errno == errno.EACCES: raise WebDriverException( "'%s' executable may have wrong permissions. %s" % ( os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message) ) else: raise3.是start()方法的try失败了，这里可以看到是self.path的问题,再往上回溯看调用start方法的地方，self.path = executable找到传值 executable的地方： File “E:\APP_Install\python_install\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chromium\webdriver.py”, line 90, in init self.service.start() 相关代码如下： class ChromiumDriver(RemoteWebDriver): """ Controls the WebDriver instance of ChromiumDriver and allows you to drive the browser. """ def __init__(self, browser_name, vendor_prefix, port=DEFAULT_PORT, options: BaseOptions = None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=DEFAULT_SERVICE_LOG_PATH, service: Service = None, keep_alive=DEFAULT_KEEP_ALIVE): if desired_capabilities: warnings.warn('desired_capabilities has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if port != DEFAULT_PORT: warnings.warn('port has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) self.port = port if service_log_path != DEFAULT_SERVICE_LOG_PATH: warnings.warn('service_log_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if keep_alive != DEFAULT_KEEP_ALIVE and type(self) == __class__: warnings.warn('keep_alive has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) else: keep_alive = True self.vendor_prefix = vendor_prefix _ignore_proxy = None if not options: options = self.create_options() if desired_capabilities: for key, value in desired_capabilities.items(): options.set_capability(key, value) if options._ignore_local_proxy: _ignore_proxy = options._ignore_local_proxy if not service: raise AttributeError('service cannot be None') self.service = service self.service.start()4.粗看似乎没什么问题，self.service.start()前面并没有进行什么特殊定义和处理，并没有进行传参"self.path",这时候就要考虑python 的继承问题了，我进入它的父类RemoteWebDriver也没有发现导致该报错的问题，这时就要考虑子类了，我们此时还忽略了一个问题：报错入口： browser = webdriver.Chrome() webdriver.Chrome()代码如下： E:\APP_Install\python_install\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\webdriver.py class WebDriver(ChromiumDriver): def __init__(self, executable_path=DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_PATH, port=DEFAULT_PORT, options: Options = None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=DEFAULT_SERVICE_LOG_PATH, chrome_options=None, service: Service = None, keep_alive=DEFAULT_KEEP_ALIVE): if executable_path != 'chromedriver': warnings.warn('executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if chrome_options: warnings.warn('use options instead of chrome_options', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) options = chrome_options if keep_alive != DEFAULT_KEEP_ALIVE: warnings.warn('keep_alive has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) else: keep_alive = True if not service: service = Service(executable_path, port, service_args, service_log_path) super(WebDriver, self).__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog", port, options, service_args, desired_capabilities, service_log_path, service, keep_alive)5.这不就连起来了吗，子类调用父类的__init__方法： super(WebDriver, self).__init__ #和第3步相连6.这个时候我们要关注Service类的传参，即super(WebDriver, self).__init__的倒数第二个参数service: service = Service(executable_path, port, service_args, service_log_path)对应代码： E:\APP_Install\python_install\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\service.py class Service(service.ChromiumService): def __init__(self, executable_path: str = DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_PATH, port: int = 0, service_args: List[str] = None, log_path: str = None, env: dict = None): super(Service, self).__init__( executable_path, port, service_args, log_path, env, "Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/home")这里有同学可能有疑问了？ 此处的Service和第2步的Service不是一个类啊！ 是的，这里还有两层嵌套关系，直接ctrl点击进去就可以看： 1.super(Service, self).__init__ 2.service.Service.__init__(self, executable_path, port=port, env=env, start_error_message=start_error_message)7.根据第6步的关系我们知道：在第2步Service出现问题的self.path就是这里面的executable_path，我们来看下这个参数的定义： executable_path=DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_PATH8.刨根究底来看这个常量的定义： DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_PATH = "chromedriver"9.这不就出来了，定义的executable_path 解释器没有找到，就直接使用chromedriver了，所以导致报错，我们确认一下这个参数的定义： - executable_path - Deprecated: path to the executable. If the default is used it assumes the executable is in the $PATH10.至此，有两个解决办法： 1.直接修改DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_PATH 为你机器的chromedriver的路径 哈哈，但是这个方法只适用于你的机器了，因此我们考虑脚本传参executable_path： 那不就是第一个参数吗？直接传进去，大功告成： from selenium import webdriver import time browser = webdriver.Chrome("F:\google_download\chromedriver_99.0/chromedriver.exe") browser.get('http://www.baidu.com/') time.sleep(10) |
网上说要把chromedriver放到环境变量，放进去还是报错！！ 然后就直接看源码吧： 这个过程很繁琐，很枯燥，嫌废话连篇请直接翻到文末解决方法~~ 这个过程很繁琐，很枯燥，嫌废话连篇请直接翻到文末解决方法~~ 这个过程很繁琐，很枯燥，嫌废话连篇请直接翻到文末解决方法~~ 1.代码报错入口:【本文地址】